diff --git a/backend/app/routers/upstreams.py b/backend/app/routers/upstreams.py
index e42eec6..36a33a5 100644
--- a/backend/app/routers/upstreams.py
+++ b/backend/app/routers/upstreams.py
@@ -198,7 +198,7 @@ def list_generated_keys(uid: int, db: Session = Depends(get_db), _=Depends(get_c
             target_id=upstream.id,
             target_name=upstream.name,
         ) as client:
-            client.login()
+            client.ensure_authenticated()
             for prefix in website_sync._fetch_remote_managed_prefixes(db, uid):
                 # list_api_keys 的参数在 Sub2API 中通常是 search 参数
                 remote_keys_list.extend(client.list_api_keys(search=prefix, status="active"))
@@ -634,7 +634,7 @@ def generate_keys_by_groups(
         target_name=u.name,
     ) as client:
         try:
-            client.login()
+            client.ensure_authenticated()
             groups = client.get_available_groups(u.groups_endpoint)
             # New-API/Nox 上游：批量前预热 token 列表缓存（一次 /api/token/ 拉取），
             # 避免每个分组都调 /api/token/search 触发 Nox 搜索限流（10 次/60 秒）。
@@ -686,7 +686,7 @@ def _test_upstream_core(db: Session, u: Upstream) -> UpstreamBatchActionItem:
         target_id=u.id,
         target_name=u.name,
     ) as client:
-        client.login()
+        client.ensure_authenticated()
         groups = client.get_available_groups(u.groups_endpoint)
         # 余额（与单行 test_upstream 保持一致）
         if u.balance_endpoint and u.balance_response_path:
@@ -728,7 +728,7 @@ def _check_now_core(db: Session, u: Upstream) -> tuple[str, bool]:
         target_id=u.id,
         target_name=u.name,
     ) as client:
-        client.login()
+        client.ensure_authenticated()
         groups = client.get_available_groups(u.groups_endpoint)
         raw_rates = client.get_group_rates(u.rate_endpoint)
         snapshot = build_snapshot(uid, u.base_url, u.api_prefix, groups, raw_rates)
diff --git a/backend/app/services/scheduler.py b/backend/app/services/scheduler.py
index f36d4ae..4395d5f 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/scheduler.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/scheduler.py
@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ def _check_upstream(upstream_id: int) -> None:
             target_name=upstream.name,
         ) as client:
             try:
-                client.login()
+                client.ensure_authenticated()
                 groups = client.get_available_groups(upstream.groups_endpoint)
                 raw_rates = client.get_group_rates(upstream.rate_endpoint)
                 snapshot = build_snapshot(
@@ -264,7 +264,7 @@ def _sync_upstream_keys(upstream_id: int, snapshot: dict[str, Any], captured_at:
                     target_id=upstream.id,
                     target_name=upstream.name,
                 ) as client:
-                    client.login()
+                    client.ensure_authenticated()
                     remote_key_ids = website_sync._fetch_remote_managed_key_ids(db, client, upstream_id)
         except Exception as exc:
             logger.warning("sync upstream keys list failed for %s: %s", upstream_id, exc)
diff --git a/backend/app/services/upstream_client.py b/backend/app/services/upstream_client.py
index 99e2698..92294e0 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/upstream_client.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/upstream_client.py
@@ -451,6 +451,17 @@ class UpstreamClient:
         self._client = httpx.Client(timeout=timeout)
         # 批量生成期间的 token 列表缓存（name -> record），避免重复调用 /api/token/search
         self._token_list_cache: dict[str, dict[str, Any]] | None = None
+        # login_password 类型初始化时从 auth_config 加载已保存的 token
+        if self.auth_type == "login_password":
+            saved_token = str(self.auth_config.get("token") or "").strip()
+            if saved_token:
+                self._token = saved_token
+            saved_user = (
+                self.auth_config.get("new_api_user", "")
+                or self.auth_config.get("user_id", "")
+            )
+            if saved_user:
+                self._new_api_user = str(saved_user)
 
     def close(self) -> None:
         self._client.close()
@@ -603,6 +614,60 @@ class UpstreamClient:
                 error_message=error_msg,
             )
 
+    def _is_login_password_with_refresh(self) -> bool:
+        """判断是否为支持 refresh 的 login_password 上游。"""
+        return (
+            self.auth_type == "login_password"
+            and bool(self.auth_config.get("refresh_token"))
+        )
+
+    def _token_is_expired(self) -> bool:
+        """判断当前 token 是否已过期或即将过期（提前 60 秒）。"""
+        expires_at = self.auth_config.get("token_expires_at")
+        if expires_at is None:
+            return False
+        try:
+            expires_at_int = int(expires_at)
+        except (TypeError, ValueError):
+            return False
+        return int(time.time()) + 60 >= expires_at_int
+
+    def _refresh_login_password_token(self) -> bool:
+        """刷新 login_password 类型的 token。"""
+        if not self._is_login_password_with_refresh():
+            return False
+        refresh_token = str(self.auth_config.get("refresh_token") or "").strip()
+        if not refresh_token:
+            return False
+
+        default_refresh_path = "/api/user/refresh" if self.api_prefix == "" else "/auth/refresh"
+        refresh_path = self.auth_config.get("refresh_path") or default_refresh_path
+
+        try:
+            resp = self._do_request(
+                "POST",
+                self._url(refresh_path),
+                json={"refresh_token": refresh_token},
+                headers=self._headers(auth=False),
+                cookies=self._cookies,
+            )
+            self._cookies.update(dict(resp.cookies))
+            resp.raise_for_status()
+            payload = resp.json() if resp.content else {}
+        except Exception:
+            return False
+
+        token = _find_token(payload)
+        if not token:
+            return False
+        self._token = token
+        self._remember_auth_tokens(
+            token=token,
+            refresh_token=_find_refresh_token(payload) or refresh_token,
+            expires_in=_find_expires_in(payload),
+        )
+        return True
+
     def _refresh_sub2api_bearer_token(self) -> bool:
         if not self._is_sub2api_bearer():
             return False
@@ -653,17 +718,30 @@ class UpstreamClient:
             getattr(resp, "status_code", None) == 401
             and auth
             and allow_refresh
-            and self._is_sub2api_bearer()
-            and self._refresh_sub2api_bearer_token()
         ):
-            resp = self._do_request(
-                method,
-                url,
-                headers=self._headers(auth),
-                cookies=self._cookies,
-                **kwargs,
-            )
-            self._cookies.update(dict(resp.cookies))
+            # sub2api bearer: 尝试 refresh
+            if self._is_sub2api_bearer() and self._refresh_sub2api_bearer_token():
+                resp = self._do_request(
+                    method,
+                    url,
+                    headers=self._headers(auth),
+                    cookies=self._cookies,
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+                self._cookies.update(dict(resp.cookies))
+            # login_password: 先尝试 refresh，失败再 login，然后重试一次
+            elif self.auth_type == "login_password":
+                refreshed = self._refresh_login_password_token()
+                if not refreshed:
+                    self.login()
+                resp = self._do_request(
+                    method,
+                    url,
+                    headers=self._headers(auth),
+                    cookies=self._cookies,
+                    **kwargs,
+                )
+                self._cookies.update(dict(resp.cookies))
         return resp
 
     def _request(self, method: str, path: str, body: Any = None, auth: bool = True) -> Any:
@@ -969,6 +1047,28 @@ class UpstreamClient:
             return
         raise UpstreamError("login succeeded but no token or session cookie found in response")
 
+    def ensure_authenticated(self) -> None:
+        """确保已认证，优先复用 token，过期后 refresh，失败再重新登录。
+
+        对于 login_password 类型：
+        - 已有未过期 token：不登录，直接使用
+        - token 快过期或已过期且有 refresh_token：先 refresh
+        - refresh 失败、无 token、无 refresh token：回退到现有登录流程
+        其他认证类型：调用 login() 保持原有行为
+        """
+        if self.auth_type != "login_password":
+            self.login()
+            return
+        # 已有 token 且未过期，不需要登录
+        if self._token and not self._token_is_expired():
+            return
+        # token 已过期或即将过期，尝试 refresh
+        if self._token and self._is_login_password_with_refresh():
+            if self._refresh_login_password_token():
+                return
+        # refresh 失败或无 token，执行登录
+        self.login()
+
     def get_available_groups(self, endpoint: str) -> list[dict[str, Any]]:
         resp = self._request("GET", endpoint)
         groups = _unwrap_list(resp)
diff --git a/backend/app/services/website_sync.py b/backend/app/services/website_sync.py
index 3ab4e10..d268acd 100644
--- a/backend/app/services/website_sync.py
+++ b/backend/app/services/website_sync.py
@@ -930,7 +930,7 @@ def reconcile_upstream_keys_full(db: Session, upstream_id: int) -> bool:
             target_id=upstream.id,
             target_name=upstream.name,
         ) as client:
-            client.login()
+            client.ensure_authenticated()
             # 获取远端 Key 列表（支持自定义 managed_prefix）
             remote_key_ids = _fetch_remote_managed_key_ids(db, client, upstream_id)
             keys_fetched = True
diff --git a/backend/test_upstream_key_sync.py b/backend/test_upstream_key_sync.py
index 36812b4..fe88887 100644
--- a/backend/test_upstream_key_sync.py
+++ b/backend/test_upstream_key_sync.py
@@ -735,6 +735,9 @@ def test_generated_keys_persists_new_api_tokens_with_plaintext(db_session, monke
         def login(self):
             return None
 
+        def ensure_authenticated(self):
+            return None
+
         def list_api_keys(self, search="", status="active"):
             assert search == "SmartUp"
             return [
@@ -800,6 +803,9 @@ def test_generate_keys_allows_new_api_user_upstream(db_session, monkeypatch):
         def login(self):
             return None
 
+        def ensure_authenticated(self):
+            return None
+
         def get_available_groups(self, endpoint):
             assert endpoint == "/api/user/self/groups"
             return [{"id": "vip", "name": "VIP"}]
diff --git a/backend/test_upstream_login_password_refresh.py b/backend/test_upstream_login_password_refresh.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b8a21bb
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/test_upstream_login_password_refresh.py
@@ -0,0 +1,272 @@
+"""测试 login_password 类型的 token 复用与 refresh 逻辑。"""
+from __future__ import annotations
+
+import time
+
+import httpx
+import pytest
+
+from app.services import upstream_client
+from app.services.upstream_client import UpstreamClient
+
+
+class FakeHttpClient:
+    def __init__(self, handler):
+        self.handler = handler
+        self.calls = []
+
+    def request(self, method: str, url: str, **kwargs):
+        request = httpx.Request(method, url)
+        self.calls.append({
+            "method": method,
+            "path": request.url.path,
+            "headers": kwargs.get("headers") or {},
+            "json": kwargs.get("json"),
+        })
+        return self.handler(request, kwargs)
+
+    def close(self) -> None:
+        pass
+
+
+def _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, handler) -> FakeHttpClient:
+    fake = FakeHttpClient(handler)
+    monkeypatch.setattr(upstream_client.httpx, "Client", lambda timeout=None: fake)
+    return fake
+
+
+def _response(request: httpx.Request, status_code: int, payload=None) -> httpx.Response:
+    return httpx.Response(status_code, json=payload, request=request)
+
+
+def test_ensure_authenticated_with_valid_token_does_not_login(monkeypatch):
+    """已有未过期 token 时不调用 login。"""
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request, kwargs):
+        raise AssertionError(f"unexpected request: {request.method} {request.url}")
+
+    fake = _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, handler)
+    client = UpstreamClient(
+        base_url="http://api.local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        auth_type="login_password",
+        auth_config={
+            "email": "user@example.com",
+            "password": "secret",
+            "token": "valid-token",
+            "token_expires_at": int(time.time()) + 3600,
+        },
+    )
+
+    client.ensure_authenticated()
+
+    assert len(fake.calls) == 0
+    assert client._token == "valid-token"
+
+
+def test_ensure_authenticated_with_expired_token_refreshes(monkeypatch):
+    """token 过期且 refresh 成功时只调用 refresh。"""
+    updates: list[dict] = []
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request, kwargs):
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/auth/refresh":
+            assert kwargs["json"] == {"refresh_token": "old-refresh"}
+            return _response(request, 200, {
+                "access_token": "new-access",
+                "refresh_token": "new-refresh",
+                "expires_in": 1800,
+            })
+        raise AssertionError(f"unexpected request: {request.method} {request.url}")
+
+    fake = _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, handler)
+    client = UpstreamClient(
+        base_url="http://api.local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        auth_type="login_password",
+        auth_config={
+            "email": "user@example.com",
+            "password": "secret",
+            "token": "expired-token",
+            "refresh_token": "old-refresh",
+            "token_expires_at": int(time.time()) - 100,
+        },
+        on_auth_config_update=updates.append,
+    )
+
+    client.ensure_authenticated()
+
+    assert [(c["method"], c["path"]) for c in fake.calls] == [
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/refresh"),
+    ]
+    assert client._token == "new-access"
+    assert updates[-1]["token"] == "new-access"
+    assert updates[-1]["refresh_token"] == "new-refresh"
+
+
+def test_ensure_authenticated_refresh_failure_falls_back_to_login(monkeypatch):
+    """refresh 失败时回退 login。"""
+    updates: list[dict] = []
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request, kwargs):
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/auth/refresh":
+            return _response(request, 401, {"detail": "refresh token expired"})
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/auth/login":
+            assert kwargs["json"] == {"email": "user@example.com", "password": "secret"}
+            return _response(request, 200, {
+                "access_token": "login-access",
+                "refresh_token": "login-refresh",
+                "expires_in": 3600,
+            })
+        raise AssertionError(f"unexpected request: {request.method} {request.url}")
+
+    fake = _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, handler)
+    client = UpstreamClient(
+        base_url="http://api.local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        auth_type="login_password",
+        auth_config={
+            "email": "user@example.com",
+            "password": "secret",
+            "token": "expired-token",
+            "refresh_token": "invalid-refresh",
+            "token_expires_at": int(time.time()) - 100,
+        },
+        on_auth_config_update=updates.append,
+    )
+
+    client.ensure_authenticated()
+
+    assert [(c["method"], c["path"]) for c in fake.calls] == [
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/refresh"),
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/login"),
+    ]
+    assert client._token == "login-access"
+    assert updates[-1]["token"] == "login-access"
+    assert updates[-1]["refresh_token"] == "login-refresh"
+
+
+def test_request_401_triggers_refresh_then_retry(monkeypatch):
+    """请求 401 时 refresh 后重试成功。"""
+    updates: list[dict] = []
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request, kwargs):
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/groups/available":
+            auth = kwargs["headers"].get("Authorization")
+            if auth == "Bearer old-token":
+                return _response(request, 401, {"detail": "token expired"})
+            assert auth == "Bearer refreshed-token"
+            return _response(request, 200, [{"id": "g1", "name": "G1"}])
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/auth/refresh":
+            assert kwargs["json"] == {"refresh_token": "old-refresh"}
+            return _response(request, 200, {
+                "access_token": "refreshed-token",
+                "refresh_token": "new-refresh",
+                "expires_in": 1800,
+            })
+        raise AssertionError(f"unexpected request: {request.method} {request.url}")
+
+    fake = _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, handler)
+    client = UpstreamClient(
+        base_url="http://api.local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        auth_type="login_password",
+        auth_config={
+            "email": "user@example.com",
+            "password": "secret",
+            "token": "old-token",
+            "refresh_token": "old-refresh",
+            "token_expires_at": int(time.time()) + 3600,
+        },
+        on_auth_config_update=updates.append,
+    )
+
+    groups = client.get_available_groups("/groups/available")
+
+    assert groups == [{"id": "g1", "name": "G1"}]
+    assert [(c["method"], c["path"]) for c in fake.calls] == [
+        ("GET", "/api/v1/groups/available"),
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/refresh"),
+        ("GET", "/api/v1/groups/available"),
+    ]
+    assert updates[-1]["token"] == "refreshed-token"
+
+
+def test_request_401_refresh_fails_then_login_and_retry(monkeypatch):
+    """请求 401 时 refresh 失败，login 并重试成功。"""
+    updates: list[dict] = []
+
+    def handler(request: httpx.Request, kwargs):
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/groups/available":
+            auth = kwargs["headers"].get("Authorization")
+            if auth == "Bearer old-token":
+                return _response(request, 401, {"detail": "token expired"})
+            assert auth == "Bearer login-token"
+            return _response(request, 200, [{"id": "g1", "name": "G1"}])
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/auth/refresh":
+            return _response(request, 401, {"detail": "refresh token expired"})
+        if request.url.path == "/api/v1/auth/login":
+            return _response(request, 200, {
+                "access_token": "login-token",
+                "refresh_token": "login-refresh",
+                "expires_in": 3600,
+            })
+        raise AssertionError(f"unexpected request: {request.method} {request.url}")
+
+    fake = _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, handler)
+    client = UpstreamClient(
+        base_url="http://api.local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        auth_type="login_password",
+        auth_config={
+            "email": "user@example.com",
+            "password": "secret",
+            "token": "old-token",
+            "refresh_token": "old-refresh",
+            "token_expires_at": int(time.time()) + 3600,
+        },
+        on_auth_config_update=updates.append,
+    )
+
+    groups = client.get_available_groups("/groups/available")
+
+    assert groups == [{"id": "g1", "name": "G1"}]
+    assert [(c["method"], c["path"]) for c in fake.calls] == [
+        ("GET", "/api/v1/groups/available"),
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/refresh"),
+        ("POST", "/api/v1/auth/login"),
+        ("GET", "/api/v1/groups/available"),
+    ]
+    assert updates[-1]["token"] == "login-token"
+
+
+def test_non_login_password_calls_login_directly(monkeypatch):
+    """非 login_password 认证类型行为不变。"""
+    fake = _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, lambda r, k: _response(r, 200, []))
+    client = UpstreamClient(
+        base_url="http://api.local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        auth_type="bearer",
+        auth_config={"token": "static-token"},
+    )
+
+    client.ensure_authenticated()
+
+    assert len(fake.calls) == 0
+
+
+def test_init_loads_saved_token_from_auth_config(monkeypatch):
+    """初始化时从 auth_config 加载已保存的 token。"""
+    _install_fake_client(monkeypatch, lambda r, k: _response(r, 200, []))
+    client = UpstreamClient(
+        base_url="http://api.local",
+        api_prefix="/api/v1",
+        auth_type="login_password",
+        auth_config={
+            "email": "user@example.com",
+            "password": "secret",
+            "token": "saved-token",
+            "new_api_user": "123",
+        },
+    )
+
+    assert client._token == "saved-token"
+    assert client._new_api_user == "123"
diff --git a/backend/update_wangwang888_groups_endpoint.py b/backend/update_wangwang888_groups_endpoint.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..14a60f9
--- /dev/null
+++ b/backend/update_wangwang888_groups_endpoint.py
@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env python3
+"""更新 wangwang888 网站的 groups_endpoint 为 /groups/all
+
+使用方法：
+  python backend/update_wangwang888_groups_endpoint.py
+"""
+import sys
+from pathlib import Path
+
+sys.path.insert(0, str(Path(__file__).parent))
+
+from app.database import SessionLocal
+from app.models.website import Website
+
+
+def update_wangwang888_endpoint():
+    db = SessionLocal()
+    try:
+        # 查找 wangwang888 网站（通过名称或 base_url 匹配）
+        websites = db.query(Website).filter(
+            (Website.name.like('%wangwang888%')) |
+            (Website.name.like('%旺旺888%')) |
+            (Website.base_url.like('%wangwang888%'))
+        ).all()
+
+        if not websites:
+            print("未找到 wangwang888 网站配置")
+            return
+
+        for website in websites:
+            old_endpoint = website.groups_endpoint
+            if old_endpoint == "/groups/all":
+                print(f"网站 {website.name} (ID={website.id}) 已配置为 /groups/all，无需更新")
+                continue
+
+            website.groups_endpoint = "/groups/all"
+            print(f"更新网站 {website.name} (ID={website.id}):")
+            print(f"  groups_endpoint: {old_endpoint} -> /groups/all")
+
+        db.commit()
+        print("\n更新完成")
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        db.rollback()
+        print(f"更新失败: {e}")
+        raise
+    finally:
+        db.close()
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    update_wangwang888_endpoint()